Mercian Catalog of about 1985 — Handbuilt Frames and Cycles, from the Tourist Tandem to the 753 Special and the Classic

Mercian’s catalog of handbuilt frames and cycles, sixteen pages. No year is printed: it says Mercian has built frames for nearly 40 years (the firm dates from 1946) and names Reynolds 753 and 531 Special Tourist tubing.

— Page 1 (front cover) —
MERCIAN
CYCLES LTD.
Specialists in Handbuilt
Frames and Cycles where
Craftsmanship and Quality count
Showrooms: 28 STENSON ROAD, CAVENDISH, DERBY, DE3 7JB. Tel.: 769851.
Office & Works: PONTEFRACT STREET, ASCOT DRIVE, DERBY, DE2 8JD. Tel.: 46786.

[The blue front cover of the Mercian Cycles catalog: seven frame head tubes and forks in different finishes, photographed in a circle, with the showroom and works addresses below. The head tubes carry Mercian transfers reading “MERCIAN CYCLES” and “DERBY ENGLAND”; the cover is worn, with the blue rubbed to white along creases near the right edge.]

— Page 2 —
MERCIAN
Custom Built Frames
for the enthusiast
Mercian Cycles have been hand building frames in Derby for nearly 40 years and our standards for accuracy in building and the finest finishes available are known by enthusiasts throughout the world. Our Company name Mercian can be traced back into the history of bygone days – we are situated in the ancient Kingdom of Mercia – the capital being Repton – now a village a few miles south of Derby and famous for its public school. Naturally the people of Mercia were called Mercians. Every Mercian frame is built from the world renowned Reynolds double butted tubing, and each frame is hand made one at a time by one craftsman. No factory production line methods are used and so each Mercian frame is consistent in quality and finish. Every tube used on the frame is hand mitred, so that the internal joints on each frame are a perfect fit. All the lugs are hand brazed one at a time on the open hearth, which is the traditional method of hand building and is the hallmark of a top line lightweight frame.
Our top of the range models each have lugwork which is hand cut from blank lugs and our designs are sought by customers from all over the world. After building, all frames are shotblasted for a high quality surface finish before receiving the first of four finishing coats of paint and varnish.
Each frame is sprayed to customers choice and is then oven-baked to give the most durable finish known. After hand lining and transfers, the frame is given a coat of clear varnish for a lasting finish.
Mercian frames can be finished in any colour from our range of over sixty colours – if your choice is not shown, then we can do almost any colour if a sample is supplied with the order. Enamel finishes can be had in any shade of any colour, but

[Mercian’s introduction, “Custom Built Frames for the enthusiast”, with four photographs of craftsmen at work: brazing a frame with a torch at the hearth, working on a fork, behind a bare frame and spraying a cream frame lettered “MERCIAN”. The name MERCIAN runs down the left edge in red and a band of green, yellow, black, red and blue stripes down the right.]

— Page 3 —
the other finishes can only be in the colours shown. Polychromatic colours have a metallic effect and our flamboyant finishes are a translucent colour on top of a silver undercoat. Our new Italian Pearl finishes have a metal flake effect and have to be seen in sunshine to appreciate the beautiful effect of this new finish. Each frame is then checked before despatch and each Mercian craftsman is conscious of quality control, taking great pride in the frame we produce.
ANY MODEL
CAN BE BUILT
INTO A
COMPLETE
CYCLE—
TO YOUR
SPECIFICATION
(Details and Price upon request)
Mercian Frame Finishes
Please quote Reference No. when ordering.
Callouts: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63

[The end of Mercian’s introduction, a boxed note that any model can be built into a complete cycle, and the Mercian Frame Finishes chart: nine painted tubes in seven colors each, the samples numbered 1 to 63. Two photographs show a craftsman holding up a purple frame with a red and white checked band and an older man checking a black frame before rows of hanging frames.]

— Page 4 —
Tourist Tandem
After many years of planning and testing, Mercian Cycles are now able to offer one of the finest tandem frames ever produced. The machines handling, workmanship, and finish are the finest available. The design is extremely responsive yet comfortable, making it suitable for racing as well as touring. The frame is of bronze welded construction throughout, thus enabling over sized double butted tubing to be used for added rigidity. Our tandem frames are all made by one of our top craftsmen, and each frame is handmade to customer’s own requirements.
DOUBLE DIAMOND TOURIST MODEL
Reynolds ‘531’ Double Butted Tubing.
Frame sizes to order.
Campagnolo Record ends.
Clearance for 27″ high pressure wheels and mudguards.
Campagnolo down tube gear bosses, OR handlebar control eyes to choice.
10 speed Campagnolo cable tunnels and cable eye on chainstay.
Top tube cable eyes for bare wire brake operation.
Cantilever brake pivots with centre pull bridge on seatstays.
No pump pegs (frame-fit pump used).
Allen key seat lug bolt fitting.
Seat pillar size (not included) – 27.2 mm.
Campagnolo Record headset.
Any additional brazings for hub or disc brake, dynamo, bottle cage bosses, lamp boss, or carriers are extra as per price list.
Finish
Any colour of your choice with contrasting head and seat tube bands, lugs lined and Mercian transfers. Chrome plating to order.
Complete Machines
Complete Machines – are available to order. Tourist specification includes TA tandem chainsets, Cantilever tandem brakes, Weinmann Concave A129 rims on Maxicar alloy large flange hubs with 13 g. spokes, Campag 10 speed gears with Campagnolo down tube levers, alloy bars and stem, saddles to choice, alloy quill pedals, and ESGE Chromoplastic mudguards.

[Mercian’s Tourist Tandem frame in purple, photographed with its fork, with its description and the specification of the double diamond tourist model. The frame has white bands on both seat tubes and the head tube with Mercian transfers, and “MERCIAN” on two of its lower tubes.]

— Page 5 —
Super Tourist

The Super Tourist Tandem is ideal for extended tours with heavy loads. This model has a 1⅛” bracing tube from the centre of the head through to the rear seat tube with extra stays brazed onto the seat stays above the rear ends. This design is ideal for larger frame sizes for added rigidity, but is not practical on frame sizes under 22″ – as the head tube is not big enough for the extra bracing tube. On frames with different seat tube size, the top tubes are sloped in a direct line, as this design is more rigid. Customers should note that top tube measurements are measured in a horizontal plane, as on a solo frame, and not along a sloping top tube.

SUPER TOURIST MODEL
Reynolds ‘531’ Double Butted Tubing.
Specification and brazings as on our Double Diamond Tourist Model.

Finish
Any colour of your choice with contrasting head and triple seat tube bands, lugs lined and Mercian tansfers. Chrome plating to order.

Hand cut Lugs on
Mercian Tandems

Rear ends on
Super Tourist Model

[Mercian’s Super Tourist tandem frame, photographed, with its description and specification and two detail photographs of the hand cut lugs and the rear ends. The orange frame has white seat tube bands and Mercian transfers; a stripe of green, yellow, black, red and blue runs down the right margin.]

— Page 6 —
Vincitore

In an age of mass-production, it is rather pleasing to find a frame with intricate hand cut lugwork as on our Vincitore touring model. Our craftsmen spend many hours cutting and filing the Vincitore lugs from blank lugs, and the result is a distinctive frame that is not available from any other manufacturer in the world. Currently the most sought after model in the Mercian range, it is also extremely popular with our American customers.

Touring Model Specification
Reynolds ‘531’ Double Butted “Competition” Tubing.
Size to order – 19″ to 26″.
72° head angle – 74° seat angle (19″ to 21½”).
73° head angle – 73° seat angle (22″ to 24″).
73° head angle – 72° seat angle (24½” to 26″).
10 5/8″ bottom bracket height.
1 7/8″ fork rake (longer on small frames), with new oval Continental forks.
17¼” chain stays.
½” diameter or 5/8″ diameter seat stays with MERCIAN engraved at top.
Clearance for 27″ H.P.’s or 700c (state choice).
Campagnolo Record ends and mudguard eyes.
Brazed on fittings for 10 speed gears with a ‘pip’ on down tube for gear levers.
(Campagnolo gear lever bosses, top tube brake cable guides or eyes, and pump pegs can be fitted upon request at no extra cost).
T.A. bottle cage bosses, Cantilever brake pivots, centre pull brake bridge, lamp boss, and pannier frame fittings can be brazed on at extra cost.
Seat pillar size (not included) 27.2 mm.
TANGE head set fitted.

Finish
Any colour of your choice with contrasting head and seat tube bands, lugs lined and Mercian transfers. Additional bands extra.

Special Orders
From our experience, the above specification suits most customers, but we can build this model to your own specification if required.

[Mercian’s Vincitore touring frame and fork, photographed, with its description and touring model specification. The dark green frame has a white head tube, a white seat tube panel edged with colored bands and a Mercian transfer on the down tube.]

— Page 7 —
Professional

Our Professional model has a unique spearpoint bottom bracket shell that is rarely found on other makes of frames. The 3″ long spearpoints are steel welded onto the bottom bracket shell before the frame is built, and this makes an extrmely rigid frame, unlike other makes where a spearpoint is brazed on after the frame is made, and only has a cosmetic value. The frame is built with special hand filed Prugnat Italian lugs.

Racing Model Specification
Reynolds ‘531’ Double Butted “Competition” Tubing.
Size to order 19″ to 26″.
73° head angle – 75° seat angle (19″ to 21½”).
74° head angle – 74° seat angle (22″ to 26″).
10 5/8″ bottom bracket height.
1¼” fork rake (longer on small frames), with new oval Continental forks.
16¼” chain stays.
½” diameter or 5/8″ diameter seat stays with MERCIAN engraved at top.
Close clearance for sprint wheels only – no mudguard eyes.
Campagnolo Super Record ends.
Brazed on fittings for 10 speed with a ‘pip’ on down tube for gear levers.
(Campagnolo gear lever bosses, top tube brake cable guides or eyes, and pump pegs can be fitted upon request at no extra cost).
T.A. bottle cage bosses, or any other brazed on fittings, can be brazed on at extra cost as per price list.
Seat pillar size (not included) – 27.2 mm.
TANGE headset fitted.

Finish
Any colour of your choice with contrasting head and seat tube bands, lugs lined and Mercian transfers. Additional bands extra.

Special Orders
From our experience, the above specification suits most customers, but we can build this model to your own specification if required.

[Mercian’s Professional racing frame and fork, photographed, with its description and racing model specification. The blue frame has a white head tube and a white seat tube with red bands, the spearpoint at the bottom bracket and a Mercian transfer on the down tube.]

— Page 8 —
Strada Speciale

Recently introduced to the Mercian range for the rider who likes his frame to be lightened by drilling the lugs, but at the same time, requires a touch of individuality that other frames lack. All the long point lugs are hand cut with a stylish clover leaf. The Strada Speciale also has the seat stays fitted to the rear of the seat tube and an allen key seat lug fitting is included.

Racing Model Specification
Reynolds ‘531’ Double Butted “Competition” Tubing.
Size to order – 19″ to 26″.
73° head angle – 75° seat angle (19″ to 21½”).
74° head angle – 74° seat angle (22″ to 26″).
10 5/8″ bottom bracket height.
1¼” fork rake (longer on small frames), with new oval Continental forks.
16¼” chain stays.
½” or 5/8″ diameter seat stays butted on to rear of seat tube.
Close clearance for sprint wheels only – no mudguard eyes.
Campagnolo Super Record ends.
Brazed on fittings for 10 speed with a ‘pip’ on down tube for gear levers.
(Campagnolo gear lever bosses, top tube brake cable guides or eyes, and pump pegs can be fitted upon request at no extra cost).
T.A. bottle cage bosses, or any other brazed on fittings, can be brazed on at extra cost as per frame price list.
Seat pillar size (not included) – 27.2 mm.
TANGE headset fitted.

Finish
Any colour of your choice with contrasting head and seat tube bands, lugs lined and Mercian transfers. Additional bands extra.

Special Orders
From our experience, the above specification suits most customers, but we can build this model to your own specification if required.

[Mercian’s Strada Speciale racing frame and fork, photographed, with its description and racing model specification. The red frame has a white head tube and a white seat tube with blue bands and a Mercian transfer on the down tube; a small gray smudge sits above the N of the vertical MERCIAN at the top left.]

— Page 9 —
Superlight
The Mercian Superlight model was first introduced to the Mercian range nearly 30 years ago, and was the first frame to be built with the now popular fast back seat stays. Every unnecessary ounce is cut away from the lugs, making it the time triallist’s dream frame. The delicate hand cut lugs look barely enough to support the frame, but frames built 30 years ago are still in use today. An allen key seat lug fitting is also included on this model.
Racing Model Specification
Specification and brazings as on our Strada Speciale model.
Lighter Tubing
Reynolds New “Professional” Tubing with double taper seat stays and also Reynolds “Special Lightweight” Tubing can be used at extra cost.
Clover leaf cutouts on the Strada Speciale.
Hand cut Superlight lugs.

[Mercian’s Superlight frame, photographed with its fork standing beside it, with its description, a note on lighter tubing and two close views of head lugs. The frame is light blue with a red head tube and red bands on the seat tube; the close views show a red Strada Speciale frame with a white head tube and clover leaf cutouts beside a light blue Superlight frame with a red head tube. A small gray smudge sits on the top left corner of the colored stripe panel at the right.]

— Page 10 —
Miss Mercian
Our Miss Mercian model is one of the few custom built ladies frames available today. The lugs for ladies frames of the quality that Mercian require are no longer available, so our craftsmen custom make the lugs for this frame. The price of this model reflects this extra care taken in building the frame, but the end result is a masterpiece not available from any other source.
Touring Model Specification
Reynolds ‘531’ Double Butted “Competition” Tubing.
Size to order – 19″ to 26″.
72° head angle – 74° seat angle (19″ to 21½”).
73° head angle – 73° seat angle (22″ to 26″).
10 5/8″ bottom bracket height.
1 7/8″ fork rake (longer on small frames), with new oval Continental fork blades.
17¼” chain stays.
½” diameter or 5/8″ diameter seat stays with MERCIAN engraved at top.
Clearance for 27″ high pressures and mudguards.
Campagnolo Record ends and mudguard eyes.
Braze on fittings for 10 speed gears with a ‘pip’ on down tube for gear levers.
Brake cable eyes brazed on top of twin lateral stays for brake operation on twin lateral stay bridge.
Pump pegs under twin lateral stays, or front of seat tube.
Seat pillar size (not included) 27.2 mm.
TANGE headset fitted.
Finish
Any colour of your choice with contrasting head and seat tube bands, lugs lined and Mercian transfers. Chrome plating to order.
Additional bands extra.
Special Orders
From our experience, the above specification suits most customers, but we can build this model to your own specification if required.

[Mercian’s Miss Mercian ladies frame, photographed with its fork standing beside it, with its description and touring specification. The frame is purple, with twin lateral stays running from the head tube past the seat tube to the rear ends, a white band on the seat tube and a white head tube panel.]

— Page 11 —
‘753 Special’
Mercian Cycles were one of the first builders to be approved by T.I. Reynolds to use their extra thin walled 753 tubing. The tubing is a special manganese mclybdenum steel cycle tube that has been developed by Reynolds engineers, and has exceptional physical properties which permit frame tubes to be produced in wall thicknesses down to approximately 0.3 mm. The high stiffness of 753 tubing ensures that we can build top quality frames with extreme lightness and high rigidity.
Racing Model Specification
Reynolds ‘753’ tubing.
Long point lugs with heart cutouts.
Size to order – 19″ to 25″.
73° head angle – 75° seat angle (19″ to 21½”).
74° head angle – 74° seat angle (22″ to 25″).
10 5/8″bottom bracket height.
1¼” fork rake – (longer on small frames).
16¼” chainstays.
Semi-wrapover seat stays.
Close clearance for sprint wheels only – no mudguard eyes.
Campagnolo Super Record ends.
Fittings for 10 speed gears with a ‘pip’ on the down tube.
(Campagnolo gear lever bosses, top tube brake cable guides or eyes, or pump pegs can be fitted upon request at no extra cost).
T.A. bottle cage bosses can be fitted – see price list.
Seat pillar size – 27.00mm and 27.2mm (not included).
Campagnolo Super Record head set fitted.
Finish
Any colour of your choice with contrasting head and seat tube bands, lugs lined and Mercian transfers. Chrome plating on dropouts and crown only – extra as price list.
Special Orders
From our experience, the above specification suits most customers, but we can build this model to your own specification if required.

[Mercian’s 753 Special frame, photographed with its fork standing beside it, with its description and racing specification. The frame is cream with a black head tube and black bands on the seat tube, and MERCIAN on the down tube and down one fork blade.]

— Page 12 —
King of Mercia-
Touring
Our King of Mercia Tourist is the most popular model in our range of custom built touring frames. The frame is built with the popular long point lugs, with heart cutouts, which are finely filed. The forks are built with the latest Romani semi sloping fork crown, but a Cinelli full sloping fork crown can also be used. Continental fork blades are included on this model.
Touring Model Specification
Reynolds ‘531’ Double Butted “Competition” Tubing.
Size to order – 19″ to 26″.
72° head angle – 74° seat angle (19″ to 21½”).
73° head angle – 73° seat angle (22″ to 24″).
73° head angle – 72° seat angle (24½” to 26″).
10 5/8″ bottom bracket height. 17¼” chainstays.
1 7/8″ fork rake (longer on small frames).
½” diameter or ⅝” diameter seatstays with Mercian engraved.
Clearance for 27″ H.P.’s or 700c (state choice).
Campagnolo Record ends and mudguards eyes.
Brazed on fittings for 10 speed with a ‘pip’ on down tube for gear levers.
(Campagnolo gear lever bosses, top tube brake cable guides or eyes, and pump pegs can be fitted upon request at no extra cost).
T.A. bottle cage bosses, Cantilever brake pivots, centre pull brake bridge, lamp boss, and pannier frame fittings can be brazed on at extra cost.
Seat pillar size – 27.2 mm (not included).
TANGE headset fitted.
Finish
Any colour of your choice with contrasting head and seat tube bands, lugs lined and Mercian transfers. Additional bands extra.
Special Orders
From our experience, the above specification suits most customers, but we can build this model to your own specification if required.

[Mercian’s King of Mercia Touring frame, photographed with its fork standing beside it, with its description and touring specification. The frame is violet blue with a white head tube and red and white bands down the seat tube.]

— Page 13 —
King of Mercia-
Tourist Cycle
Designed for the serious cyclist who expects to spend many hours upon his bike, the King of Mercia Tourist cycle is specifically made for the growing number of riders seeking exciting responsive handling whether touring with panniers, or just day riding. This model is a triumph of crisp, sporty performance and modern Italian styling in a touring design.
King of Mercia Tourist Cycle Specification
King of Mercia frame – custom made to your requirements. Fitted with Weinmann narrow concave A124 rims on large flange quick release hubs, TA cotterless chainset with TA cyclotouriste chainrings (sizes to choice), Sun Tour gears, SR bars and stem, Weinmann ‘605’ sidepull brakes, and ESGE chromoplastic mudguards.
(alloy carrier and bottle cage optional extras).
Heart cutout lugs and Romani crown on King of Mercia
Mercian engraved seat stays on King of Mercia.

[Mercian’s King of Mercia Tourist Cycle, photographed complete with rear carrier and mudguards, with its description, specification and two close photographs of a head lug with fork crown and of a seat cluster. The bicycle is red with white bar tape; the head lug view shows a purple frame with a white head tube panel and the seat cluster view a green frame with “MERCIAN” on the seat stay. The page carries no folio.]

— Page 14 —
King of Mercia-
Racing
Our King of Mercia Racing model is designed for the racing enthusiast who must have the best. Each frame is hand built one at a time by one of our craftsmen, unlike many other makes of a similar price range which are ‘production line made’. The forks are fitted with the latest Romani semi-sloping crown together with new continental oval fork blades. The seat stays have Mercian engraved on the top eye which is outlined in contrast.
Racing Model Specification
Reynolds ‘531’ Double Butted “Competition” Tubing.
Size to order 19″ to 26″.
73°head angle – 75° seat angle (19″ to 21½”).
74° head angle – 74° seat angle (22″ to 26″).
10 5/8″ bottom bracket height.
1¼” fork rake (longer on small frames), with new oval Continental forks.
16¼” chainstays.
½” diameter or 5/8″ diameter seat stays with MERCIAN engraved at top.
Close clearance for sprint wheels only – no mudguard eyes.
Campagnolo Super Record ends.
Braze on fittings for 10 speed gears with a ‘pip’ on down tube for gear levers.
(Campagnolo gear lever bosses, top tube brake cable guides or eyes, and pump pegs can be fitted upon request at no extra cost).
T.A. bottle cage bosses, or any other brazed on fittings, can be brazed on at extra cost as per price list.
Seat pillar size – 27.2 mm (not included).
TANGE headset fitted.
Finish
Any colour of your choice with contrasting head and seat tube bands, lugs lined and Mercian transfers. Additional bands extra.
Special Orders
From our experience, the above specification suits most customers, but we can build this model to your own specification if required.

[Mercian’s King of Mercia Racing frame and fork, photographed, with its description and specification. The frame is green with white head and seat tube panels, red and white seat tube bands and “MERCIAN” on the down tube; print from the reverse of the leaf shows through faintly in the blank space beside the specification lines.]

— Page 15 (inside back cover) —
Olympic
An excellent all rounder frame which serves equally well for recreation and touring, but is still appealing as a racing frame. This model is primarily designed for the rider who is content to leave the geometry and design to our many years of experience. Consequently, we are able to offer a handmade frame at a very competitive price, but built with exactly the same quality and precision as the dearer frames in the Mercian range. The frame now has heart cutouts on the lugs.
Specification
Reynolds 531 double butted tubing.
20″ to 25″ in half inch sizes.
72° head angle – 74° seat angle (20″ to 21½”).
73° head angle – 73° seat angle (22″ to 25″).
10 5/8″ bottom bracket height.
1 7/8″ fork rake.
Semi-wrapover seat stays.
17″ chain stays.
Campagnolo Record ends with mudguard eyes.
Brazed on fittings for 10 speed gears with a lever ‘pip’ on the down tube.
Close clearance for light 27″ H.P.’s and 700c wheels.
Seat pillar size – 27.2 mm. (not included).
TANGE headset fitted.
OPTIONAL EXTRAS: (See price list for extra charges).
3 top tube guides for covered brake cable on top of top tube.
TA bottle cage bosses on down tube.
Finish
Any colour of your choice, with lugs lined and Mercian transfers.
Any additional bands extra. Chrome plating to order.
Special Orders
No alterations to the above specification can be accepted.

[Mercian’s Olympic frame and fork, photographed, with its description and specification. The frame is copper colored with “MERCIAN” on the seat tube, head tube and down tube; the top of the page is cut off at the edge of the scan, losing the top margin, the top of the photograph and the top of the vertical “MERCIAN” lettering.]

— Page 16 (back cover) —
Classic
Our Classic frame is the latest addition to the Mercian range. The frame and forks are built from Reynolds new ‘531’ Special Tourist double butted tubing and fitted with Campagnolo style forged ends with adjusters. The Classic is a lively touring frame and has the usual Mercian high quality workmanship not usually seen on frames of this price.
The Classic is also available as a complete machine. The wheels have the new British Mistral alloy rims on Campagnolo quick release hubs, with stainless steel spokes. The cycle is also fitted with a Stronglite ’99’ chainset, Sun Tour gears, Weinmann side pull brakes and Madison Strada saddle.
Specification
Reynolds ‘531’ double butted Special Tourist tubing.
20″ to 25″ in half inches.
Clearance for light 27″ H.P.’s and 700c wheels.
72° head angle – 74° seat angle (20″ to 21½”).
73° head angle – 73° seat angle (22″ to 25″).
1⅞” fork rake.
10⅝” bottom bracket height.
Forged end with adjusters.
Brazed on fittings for 10 speed with a lever ‘pip’ on down tube.
Brazed on top tube guides.
Tange headset.
OPTIONAL EXTRAS: TA bottle cage bosses and lamp boss.
Finish
Any colour of your choice with lugs lined and Mercian transfers (flamboyant and pearl finishes, and panels are extra as price list). Chrome plating to order.
Special Orders
NO alterations to the above specification can be accepted.
Printed and designed by Fretwell & Brian Ltd., Healey Works, Goulbourne St., Keighley, W. Yorks.

[Mercian’s Classic touring bicycle, photographed complete with mudguards and standing on a small block, with its description and specification. The bicycle is red with “MERCIAN” on the seat tube and down tube and white bar tape; a pale vertical crease line crosses the photograph, the printer’s line is set vertically up the right edge beside the colored stripes, and the Olympic page’s specification shows through faintly, mirrored, from the reverse of the leaf.]